To modernize or not is a dilemma that all intertemporal translators will have to face – provided, of course that they are translating from one language to another. that sounds too much like a translation breaks the illusion, reminds the reader that what s/he is hearing is not the voice of the original author but of the translator, which in turn underscores the fact that the reader is reading ‘just’ a translation, not the Word of God, not the immortal words of a classic author” (115). Here the translator is faced with another vexing problem – should she translate into archaic English to maintain the antiquated nature of the text? Some readers might not like the modern idiom for the words of God, for “a Bible translation. A modern English translation of the Greek or Hebrew Bible is an example of both forms. Robinson points out that most interlingual translations are also intertemporal. In other words, when do we decide that a language is archaic enough to merit translation into a more accessible form? This would determine whether we should call it a revision or a translation – if the language is archaic enough like Chaucer’s Middle English, then it can be called translation whereas a contemporary edition of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress would be revision. He admits that modernization of an older text is often called revision, but the problem is of deciding where to draw the line between ancient and modern versions of the same language. This sort of modernization is going on in every language.ĭouglas Robinson terms this ‘intertemporal translation’ which he defines as “translation between two forms of the same language separated by the passing of time” (“Intertemporal Translation”, Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 114). So today there is the Good News Bible, which is the modern English version of the Authorized Version. But the language is antiquated and many people might find it difficult to follow. The King James Bible or the Authorized Version has primacy in English. Assumed to be originally written in Hebrew, the Bible also underwent numerous translations into Greek and Latin and then into English. What we have here is a complex of inter and intralingual translations. For example, Ramayana of Valmiki was originally in Sanskrit, Tulsidas translated / retold it in Hindi, and there could be a modern Hindi language version of Tulsi’s Ramcharitmanas. Here it must be stressed that there might be interlingual translations as well. In India we have many versions of the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, both as adaptations for children as well as for adults. Unfortunately my best friend Google translate does not have the transliteration feature for Hebrew yet but I’m looking for something with the same logic. This is for reading purposes primary, so it does not help me to have purely auditory aids. The Dagesh Chazak "doubles" the consonantal value whereas the Dagesh Kal does not.Besides old literary texts, others that usually have modern language versions are religious texts. I am fresh off of learning Greek and found that in the beginning, transliteration was key for me. This will become more important in Unit Three when discussing how to divide Hebrew words into syllables. If the dagesh is Chazak, the Begedkephat letter will be preceded by a vowel in other words, if the dageshed letter opens a syllable (or word), then you can assume it is Kal, not Chazak. The Begedkephat letters are transliterated as indicated in the table above, though you should be aware that the dagesh in any one of these letters may be Chazak (strong) rather than Kal (weak). (You may ignore this information if you are just learning the Aleph-Bet) On this web site, transliterations will use dots to separate syllables and the accented syllable will be shown in boldface. Of course, Hebrew vowels marks are also transliterated using English vowel letters Because there are various transliteration schemes, often you will find different transliterations (and hear different pronunciations) for the same Hebrew word!įor example, Ashkenazi (German and eastern European) pronunciations common in English-speaking countries often shift "a" sounds towards "o," turn some "t's" into "s's," and accent the next-to-last syllable whereas Israelis accent the last syllable. Hebrew Consonants Summary Page (PDF file)īecause people pronounce things differently, there are no "official rules" for transliterating Hebrew letters and words into the English alphabet. For Hebrew consonants, the following transliteration scheme will be used: Writing Hebrew words in the English alphabet is called "transliteration" and is as much an art as a science.
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